Whole Body Ultrasonography in the Critically Ill by Daniel A. Lichtenstein

Author:Daniel A. Lichtenstein
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg

Second Sign: The A-line Sign

The artifacts analysis will be of critical help, especially when lung sliding is abolished. The constant sign is the complete absence of B-line, a sign referred to as the A-line sign (Fig. 18.9).

Fig. 18.9Pneumothorax. Ultrasound static presentation. Absence of lung sliding is not visible here. Three A-lines can be described (intermediate horizontal lines, called A′ and A′′ lines are also visible – without meaning). Extensive scanning shows the complete absence of B-line, a pattern called the A-line sign. We show on purpose an image taken in 1989 with the ADR-4000 (1982 technology) – with maybe a historical meaning (we have left it free of any marking). This image was evoked in Chap. 17 for demonstrating the Π-line variant, which should not mimic a B-line

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